Dynamo-electric machine.



B. A. BEHREND.

DYNAMO ELECTRIC MACHINE. APPLIOTION FILED IEAB.. 26, 1906.

Patentedv out. 13, 1908.

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.NVISNTIJR-y Mzwsssgsf v B. A. BEHREND. DYNAMO ELECTRIC' MACHINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAB. 26, 190s.

900,977. Patented Oct. 13, 1908.

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UNITED sT-ATEs PATENT OFFICE.

BERNARD a. REHREND, or NORWOOD, OHIO, AssIGNOR To ALLIs-CHALM'ERS COMPANY, A

CORPORATION or NEW JERSEY, AND THE BULLocK ELECTRIC MANUFACTURTNG GOM- Y PANY, A CORPORATION'OF. OHIO.

Be it known that I, BERNARD ARTHUR ,.BEIVIREND, citizen of the United States, re-

siding at Norwood, in the countyof Hamilton andSta-te of, Ohio have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Dynamo- Electric Machines, of which the following is a full, clear, and exact specification.

MvA invention relates to dynamo-electric 'machines and especially to the Ventilating .means for the stator.

In' the most recent types of machines djesigned'for large kilowatt output 'and for high rotor speeds, theproper cooling of the stator hasv presented a verydiflieult problem.

In a machine designed fora comparatively small output or capacity a large rise of temperature inthe 'stator is prevented by the al1-like" action of the rotor-in forcing air across the air gap between the rotor andthe stator into the core and through 'the'passageways thereofv radially in all directions and out I `at-theperi liery of the frame of the machine. Under Ordin ary.- circumstances an ample amountof air. can 4 be supplied to the stator in. this manner.' In a machine however, -desi e`d for large kilowatt output and vv"inten ed to be driven at a high speed, la sui the statorla'cross the gap of the mac cient volume of air can not be supplied to to the iron. and copper losses. of the stator is v .very great, and second, because bf the enorward into the stator core. y

It often happens that before a machine of l is not always known therefore whet mous peripheral sfpeed of the rotor it is a' difcult matter to orce the air radially outa certain capacityis completed and`tested it is difficult to determine the lmost desirable and satisfactory methodof Ventilating the' b oliineor by some other 'systemfof Ventilating such. for instance as'that. to be hereinafter described. It is therefore extremelyadvis- `able to'constructthe machine and especially the frameso that it ma ybeventilate lby the s stem which proveat c most desirable for' t at particular machine. I

`O ne of the'objects of my invention istov ine for v.two reasonsfusa because the heating; due

.nYNAMo-Emo'rmo naomi.

'Patented out. 13,1908. y

provide a ventilating s stem whereby a be easily maintained at a uniformly temperature. Another object of m invention is to provide means whereby t e same frame, 'with slight changes, can be employed in either av machine in which the stator is cooled by, the air forced across the air gap ofthe xmachine by the rotor, or in which the stator ls-'cooled by air supplied thereto in accordancevwithV low arge volume of air can e passed through ,the stator core in such a manner that it can my improved scheme of ventilation, entirely independently of the rotor.

My inventionconsists in the details of construction and 'the combinations of -elements described in the specification and set forth in the appended claims.

' For a better understanding of my invention, reference ishad to the accompanying A .drawings in which Figure 1 is a vertical section of the machine taken atf'right angles to the shaft showing my improved Ventilating means; Fi 2 is ,a sectional side velevation ofthe machine, the lower part of the core and frame bein shown in-section; and .3 is an enlarge detail view of a portion of the inner side of the stator irame.

ing, I have shown at 10, the shaft of the machine on which isfmountedrotary member 1 1 which is in this caseintendedto be vthe r0- tary field member. -V As this rotor-forms no part ofmy .inventiomit is shown merelyan, outline. Surrounding the 'rotor is the stator which in'this case is intended to be the arma- Referring nowhto the figures of the dravwV i ture. The core 12 of the'stator consists of groups of lamin Which are spaced apart in the usual manner by any-suitable type of separators or s ao'ers (not shown) forming parallel circu WaysV 14 which are open'at the inner perip ery of the c'ore and which may be closedV at portions of the outer vperipheryas will be explained. 'The frame or .yoke 13,- as in the usual construction, is provided wlthinwardly erential Ventilating passa eextending arms or ribs 15'tc wh' lliars dovetailed lamine of thema. y' his-.framers hollow and is provided Vwiththe ordinary ventilating openings l16 at its periphery.- The.framc vofthe machine rests upon a. o low base 17-which base rests upon a concreto or masonry foundation-.18.

4In the former construction of machines, the air for ventilatin the stator is forced b the fan-like action o Y the rotor across the air gap of the machine into all the passageways of the stator core and radiallyf or 'tangentially outward into the frame and out at the Ventilating openings 16 of the latter.' As was stated above, inlarge machines and especially in turbo-alternators, the rotors of which are intended to be driven at high speeds, on ac count of the enormous iron and copper losses 'of the stators and on account of thegreat peripheral speeds of the rotors, -a sufficient vol- A vume of' air can not be forced across the air l the stator can be varied at will, an

gaps to prevent an undesirable and. dangerous rise of temperature in the machine. Furthermore, theair that is forced across the gap into the stator carries with it a certain amount -of heat from the rotor.

I- provide means for supplying air to the stator from an extraneous source and entirelyindependently of the fan-action of the rotor, whereby the volume of-air su plied to d further provide means whereby this Ventilating system can be installed withoutnecessitating a lnew and different ty eof frame or yoke, I

close up portions of t e openings between the Y stator core and the frame at each side of the inserted throug the ventilating machine by removable plates 19. These removable ,plates are preferabl 4secured in some manner to the ribs 15 to w 'ch the coreplates are dove-tailed. A number of short plates are placed side by side across the machine between each pair ofribs, the size of the plates bei such that they' can -be easily openin. 16 at the outer periphery of the' rame. st is seen that` the communicating openings between the core and the, frame at-both the top .and bottom of the machine remain open. These yplates may be secured to the frame i'n any desired manner. shown as secured to the frame by meanslof screws 20. Air is intended tobe forced by a fan or blower shown somewhat conventionally at 21 through a tube or pipe theupper part of-which is shown Aat 22, to the lower part of the machine frame. Thefoundation uponjwhich the frame rests is open beneath the machineand the tube which is rovided with a flaring or funnel-shaped en 23 extends u through this opening and is attached to the rame of the machine by rivets' 24.'

. adjacent the upper edge of the tube prevent the air which is orced through the tu e from passinglaterally into the'iield frame.l The lpaths of the air currents are showiiby the arrows in Figs. 1 and `2. The a'r passes at ani desired-pressure from. the tube 22 throu the lower partei the frame and the unclosed cpenings etwee'n the'frameand the'jcore, into ai the circumferential air passageways ybe furnished and the tiona lcumferential venti In Fig. 3 theytaieA 14 upward in parallel paths equally on both si es of the rotor, and outward throu h the openin at the top ofthe frame. Tie removab e lates 19 prevent air from passing outward t rough the frame at any but the desired openings at the top.v Very little air will pass from the stator core into the air gap between the stator and the rotor dui'in the operation of the machine on account o {the outward pressure created by the rotor itself.

It is seen that an amplesupply of air can volume can be regulated at will. A greater orless number of the removable plates 19 can be placed between the ribs 15 to decrease or increase the size of the openings 'for the in'v ress or egress of air. The plates 19 may e secured in place either before the core lamin are assembled in which case they may be held in place by screws or rivets, or in case it is necto place them in position after the core is assembled they Vmay beheld in positionbysoldering or by friction, in the-latter case beingsprun into position.

I aim in my c aims to-cover allmodifica- 90` v 1. In a dynamo-electric machine, a sta- 95 tionary laminated core having circumferential Ventilating passagewa s, a'su'pportin frame at the periphery o said core,- sai( frame' having ventilating openings at'its periphery through which the air from the stator 100 canesca e, and removable means for preventing t e egressy o air from-the'core to; the frame at portions of the periphery' of thecore.

2. In a dynamo-electric machine, 4a starange in groups slpaced apart forming cirating passageways o en at its inner and outer periphery, a ho ow frame surrounding and supporting said core, said frame having `Ventilating openin whereby the air currents can pass from t ve, outer peri liery of the frame Ainto the core and out o the latter at its periphery, and Aplates forv closing the communication between the outer periphery of lthe core 'and thevl 115 i frame at portions of the circumference of the core.

3. In a d amo-electric machine, a rotor,

a laminate st `tionary core having a plurality of paralle r circumferential air passage- 1:20

ways, a frame surrounding the core-and having openings at itsbottom and top for the ingress and egress of air respectively, independent means external. to the machine for forca Ventilating blast 4of air into thema- 125 chine, and means for conducting the .air-from saidindependent means to the opening in,tlie bottom of the frame whereby air from lan ex-v traneousvsourceginay be conducted into the machine through the opening at the bottom 130 1 laminated core having its lamin'se ar- 1 05 iio.

of the frame, u ward through the core in parallel paths on th sides of the rotor and out i `of the machine at the opening at the top of ways, a frame supporting and surroundingA the core, means for closingthe openings between the core and frame except at thebottom and top of the machine, and means separate from the machine and communicating with the opening in the bottom of the frame whereby air may be forced from an 'extraneous source into the core at the bottom of the machine, through the circumferential passageways of the core in parallel aths, on

each side of the machine and out o the core at the top of the machine.

5. In a dynamo-electric machine, a rotor, a laminated stationary core having a plurality of parallel circumferential Ventilating passageways arranged throughout the core, a rame supporting and surrounding the core, plates for closing the assageways between the outer periphery o the latter and said frame except at the bottom and top of the core, means external to the machine for forcing air into said machine, and meansmrhereby the. air blast may be led into tIieT'core through the bottom of the frame, and upward through the parallel circumferential Ventilating passageways equally on both sides of the rotor, and out of the core at the top thereof.

'I 6. Ina dynamo-electric machine, a rotor, a laminated stator core having a plurality of circumferential air passageways, a frame surrounding and sup orting the core, a plurality of plates closing a l the openings between the core and the frame except at the top and bottom thereof, and means whereby air may be led into 'the frame and core at the bottom, through the core in parallel paths, on both sides of the rotor equally, and out of the core and frame at therto thereof.

7. In a dynamo-e ectric machine, a rotor,

a stationary laminated core, having ventilating passageways extending from its inner to its outer periphery, a frame having ventilating openings, surrounding and supporting said core, said frame having at intervals ribs to which the core is secured, a plurality of plates secured to said frame between said ribs at each side of the machine and closing all communication between the passagewa 's of the core and the frame eXce t between t e ribs at the bottom and top o the machine, said passagewaysl beingl so arranged that air introduced through the frame and into the core at the bottom of the machine will pass through the core on both sides of the rotor and out of the core and frame at the top of the machine.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature, in the presence of two Witnesses.

BERMRD A. BEHREND. Witnesses:

ARTHUR F. Kwis, FRED J. KINsEY. 

